Diamagnetism in RealQM — the induced counter-current
A closed-shell atom carries no current at rest. Switch on a field B (out of the screen) and the whole
charge cloud takes up a real Larmor circulation — an induced current that opposes B
(Lenz), giving a small moment against the field. Its strength grows with the atom's size:
μdia ∝ −〈r²〉 B, the Langevin law. Because RealQM supplies
〈r²〉=∫r²ρ directly, this is a magnetic number it can compute and
check against experiment.
Top-down view along B. Dots = electrons, placed at the RealQM per-shell
〈r〉; when B≠0 they circulate rigidly (Larmor, ω∝B) in the sense that opposes B.
∑〈r²〉 (RealQM, a₀²)2.38
Larmor ωL = eB/2me0.25
induced μdia ∝ −〈r²〉B0
χcalc = −0.79×10⁻⁶〈r²〉-1.88
χexp (measured)-1.90
ratio calc/exp0.99
χ in 10⁻⁶ cm³/mol. Every atom is diamagnetic (χ<0): the induced
current always opposes B. He is essentially exact; Ne, Ar come out too diamagnetic because the radial
mean field lets the valence spread (no exchange/non-overlap contraction).
χcalc (filled) vs χexp (outline) for the three atoms.
Diamagnetism grows steeply with size, ∝〈r²〉.